Why Poor Logging Practices Persist in the Tropics

نویسندگان

  • FRANCIS E. PUTZ
  • DENNIS P. DYKSTRA
  • RUDOLF HEINRICH
چکیده

Despite abundant evidence that both the environmental damage and the financial costs of logging can be reduced substantially by training workers, pre-planning skid trails, practicing directional felling, and carrying out a variety of other well-known forestry practices, destructive logging is still common in the tropics. Based on our collective experience with loggers in tropical forests, we discuss seven possible reasons for this seemingly irrational behavior. The principal reason poor logging practices persist is apparently that the widely heralded cost savings associated with reduced-impact logging relative to unplanned logging by untrained crews may not be realized under some conditions. In particular, where compliance with logging guidelines restricts access to steep slopes or prohibits ground-based timber yarding on wet ground, reducedimpact logging may be synonymous with reduced-income logging. Given that under such conditions loggers may not adopt reduced-impact logging methods out of self-interest, fiscal mechanisms for promoting sustainable forest management may be needed. Porque Persisten las Prácticas Madereras Deficientes en los Trópicos Resumen: A pesar de las abundantes evidencias que muestran que tanto el daño ambiental, como el costo financiero de la tala pueden ser sustancialmente reducidos mediante el entrenamiento de trabajadores, la planeación anticipada de senderos de arrastre, la tala direccional y una gran variedad de prácticas forestales bien conocidas, la tala destructiva es aún común en los trópicos. En base a la experiencia colectiva de los autores con taladores en bosques tropicales, parecen existir siete razones por las cuales sucede esta aparentemente irracional conducta. Supuestamente la razón principal por la cual las prácticas deficientes de tala persisten se debe a que el ampliamente anunciado ahorro en el costo de la cosecha asociado con la tala de impacto reducido, relativo a la tala sin planeación por grupos de trabajo sin entrenamiento podría no ocurrir bajo ciertas condiciones. En particular, en situaciones donde el seguimiento de las guías de tala restringen el acceso a pendientes pronunciadas o prohiben el arrastre de los troncos sobre suelo mojado, la tala de impacto reducido podría ser sinónimo de tala de ganancia reducida. Dado que bajo estas condiciones los taladores podrían no adoptar los métodos de tala de impacto reducido en base a un puro interés personal, se necesita de mecanismos fiscales para promover el manejo sustentable de los bosques.

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تاریخ انتشار 2000